Thursday 10 May 2018

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Co-Infections

Chlamydia & Gonorrhoea Co-infection

Co-infection is the outcome of contracting a second STD while already actively infected with an STD. The most common use of the term co-infection is in reference to Gonorrhoea and chlamydia, which often occur together. The two infections are discovered together so often that it is actually recommended to get tested for both at the same time. Data released by the Virgina Department of Health supports the estimate that between 40 and 50 percent of all young adults infected with Gonorrhoea also have a chlamydia infection, with women more likely to have a co-infection than men. The risk of testing positive for both chlamydia and Gonorrhoea also increased when the use of drugs or alcohol was reported. Both chlamydia, which is caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria, and Gonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria, can be treated with antibiotics. If the infection is caught early enough, sometimes only a single dose of antibiotics is needed.

HIV Co-infections

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an incurable viral infection that attacks the immune system, destroying the infected person’s ability to fight off infection and disease. People living with HIV run a much higher risk of suffering from an STD co-infection than the HIV-negative community. The amount of HIV found in the genital secretions, known as the viral load, is much higher in people with an active STD infection. If HIV is left untreated, it progresses into the terminal late-stage known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). By the time HIV becomes AIDS, the patient has lost so much immune capability that they are extremely susceptible to infections, including STDs. Approximately 25% of people with HIV will also suffer from tuberculosis, which is the second highest cause of death for people living with HIV/AIDS. HIV co-infection is a serious and life-threatening condition that can be prevented.

HIV and Syphilis

HIV and syphilis have a long history of co-infection. According to a report conducted by the state of Virginia, approximately one-third of all new cases of syphilis diagnosed in Virginia were in individuals who had previously been diagnosed with HIV. The rate of syphilis infection in the HIV-positive community is 118 times higher than the general population. Receptive anal sex is considered a high risk behavior for contracting STDs because of the ease of damaging anal tissue, which allows a path for STDs to move between bodies via sexual fluids, such as semen. For this reason, men who have sex with men are the most affected by HIV and syphilis co-infection, with the state of Virginia reporting that 99.5 percent of all HIV/syphilis co-infections were among males, with 90 percent of those males engaging in sex with another man.

HIV and Gonorrhoea

While gonorrhoea, known as “the clap,” and chlamydia are the most closely linked of all co-infections, gonorrhoea also has a close tie to HIV. According to data released by the Washington State Department of Health, approximately 6 percent of all people diagnosed with Gonorrhoea were already living with HIV. Developing an immunity to HIV medications, as well as the chance of contracting an antibiotic-resistant strain of Gonorrhoea make this combination of infections particularly serious.

HIV and Hepatitis C

The World Health Organization states that 170 million people have been diagnosed with hepatitis C in the past century, making it an epidemic on a larger scale than even HIV, which has resulted in about 79 million diagnoses since the start of the HIV Epidemic. Hepatitis C is an incurable infection that has many life-threatening side effects, such as liver failure, cirrhosis, and cancer. Hepatitis also makes it more difficult for the immune system to properly fight off infection, making it easier to also become infected with HIV. Antiviral medications are prescribed to treat hepatitis C, as well as HIV. The biggest factor in contracting HIV when an active hepatitis C infection is present is the patient’s behavior, which includes intravenous drug use or unprotected sex in many cases. Being diagnosed with hepatitis C while living with HIV is one of the criteria for receiving an AIDS diagnosis. About 25% of HIV-positive Americans also have hepatitis C.

Submit your abstracts for the STD 2018 conference under the track - Co-Infections of STDs. To know more, visit: https://std-hiv-aids.cmesociety.com/call-for-abstracts/co-infection-of-stds

Source: https://www.stdcheck.com/blog/hiv-std-coinfection/

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